|
|
|
Mobile phone system explained
The mobile phone system works like a two-way radio and includes the individual handset and the base stations. Base stations have their antennae mounted high off the ground (on a tower or roof) to get the widest coverage. A mobile phone has a radio receiver and a transmitter.
When you make a call, your phone uses radiofrequency (RF) radiation via its antenna to ‘talk’ to a nearby base station. Once the base station has received your signal, your call is routed through the landline phone system.
Mobile phone base stations emit relatively constant levels of RF radiation. The handsets emit levels of RF radiation that vary depending on three things:
* How long you use the phone
* How close you hold the phone to your body
* Whereabouts you are in relation to the base station. If the link to the base station is weak, the handset increases its radiation level to compensate.
The levels of RF radiation from the handset, to which the user’s head is exposed, are around 100 to 1,000 times more intense than exposure from base stations.
Australian mobile phone system regulations
It is estimated that the RF radiation from a mobile phone held against the ear will heat a localised area of the user’s face and, to a lesser extent, the brain by a fraction of a degree. This is less than the heating caused by, for example, exercise. However, high levels of RF radiation overheat body tissues and cause damage.
The Australian exposure limits for RF radiation from mobile phones is set far below the level at which any meaningful heating occurs. All mobile phones in Australia must meet the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) Standard RPS 3.
The location of base stations and the RF radiation output levels from base station antennae are also regulated. There is currently scientific debate on whether or not RF radiation has any other damaging effects apart from raising body temperature - for example, causing changes to cellular membranes. Because there is not enough evidence about any other possible effects apart from heat, the Australian Standard doesn’t include them. |
|